In 1338 Ambrogio Lorenzetti painted three huge frescoes known today as Good and Bad Government on the walls of the Sala dei Nove, the Room of the Nine, in the Palazzo Pubblico in Siena, where the city’s nine executive magistrates presided over the destiny of this famous commune. The murals have become one of art’s great puzzles, challenging scholars and the public alike. They have been studied as symbols and allegories of abstract political concepts in which good and bad government are starkly juxtaposed; scant attention, however, has been paid to the images themselves. This book attempts finally to illuminate Ambrogio’s pictorial strategy by reading it in light of the Hymn to Justice inscribed upon the walls. The frescoes enrich the poet’s message, subtly changing and even subverting it, instead of a pictorial lecture straightforwardly contrasting a utopia with a dystopia. Ambrogio Lorenzetti’s Good and Bad Government Reconsidered sheds new light on one of the most important artworks of the early Italian Renaissance, presenting a fresh reading of its rich artistic message. Buona lettura!